The DNA molecule of life ( Čeština: DNA molekula života - česky )
Human_Genome/graphics/slidesAutor Modify by Reo On at cs.wikipedia
Original source: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis
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University of Washington
Scientists discover double meaning in genetic code
Scientists
have discovered a second code hiding within DNA. This second code
contains information that changes how scientists read the instructions
contained in DNA and interpret mutations to make sense of health and
disease.
Genome scientist Dr. John Stamatoyannopoulos led a team that discovered a second code hidden in DNA.
Read the research paper. Also see commentary in Science, “The Hidden Codes that Shape Protein Evolution.”
The work is part of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Project, also known as ENCODE. The National Human Genome Research Institute funded the multi-year, international effort. ENCODE aims to discover where and how the directions for biological functions are stored in the human genome.
Since the genetic code was deciphered in the 1960s, scientists have assumed that it was used exclusively to write information about proteins. UW scientists were stunned to discover that genomes use the genetic code to write two separate languages. One describes how proteins are made, and the other instructs the cell on how genes are controlled. One language is written on top of the other, which is why the second language remained hidden for so long.
“For over 40 years we have assumed that DNA changes affecting the genetic code solely impact how proteins are made,” said Stamatoyannopoulos. “Now we know that this basic assumption about reading the human genome missed half of the picture. These new findings highlight that DNA is an incredibly powerful information storage device, which nature has fully exploited in unexpected ways.”
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